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cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—

Absol., Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Verg. G. 1, 121; Dig. 19, 2, 54, § 1.—

In gen., without reference to economics, to abide, dwell, stay in a place, to inhabit (syn.: incolo, habito; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

With acc.:

hanc domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 4:

nemora atque cavos montes silvasque colebant,

Lucr. 5, 955:

regiones Acherunticas,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 21:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

urbem, urbem, mi Rufe, cole,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 2:

has terras,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 164; Tac. A. 2, 60:

loca Idae,

Cat. 63, 70:

Idalium,

id. 36, 12 sq.; 61, 17:

urbem Trojanam,

Verg. A. 4, 343:

Sicaniam,

Ov. M. 5, 495:

Maeoniam Sipylumque,

id. ib. 6, 149:

Elin Messeniaque arva,

id. ib. 2, 679:

regnum nemorale Dianae,

id. ib. 14, 331:

hoc nemus,

id. ib. 15, 545:

Elysium,

Verg. A. 5, 735:

loca magna,

Ov. M. 14, 681; Liv. 1, 7, 10:

Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 11:

Rheni ripam,

id. G. 28:

victam ripam,

id. A. 1, 59:

terras,

id. ib. 2, 60; cf. id. H. 5, 2:

insulam,

id. A. 12, 61; id. G. 29:

regionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 4.— Poet., of poets:

me juvat in primā coluisse Helicona juventā,

i. e. to have written poetry in early youth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 19.—Also of animals:

anguis stagna,

Verg. G. 3, 430; Ov. M. 2, 380.—

Absol.:

hic,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68:

subdiu colere te usque perpetuom diem,

id. Most. 3, 2, 78; Liv. 42, 67, 9; Curt. 9, 9, 2:

colunt discreti ac diversi,

Tac. G. 16:

proximi Cattis Usipii ac Tencteri colunt,

id. ib. 32:

circa utramque ripam Rhodani,

Liv. 21, 26, 6:

quā Cilices maritimi colunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

prope Oceanum,

id. 24, 49, 6:

usque ad Albim,

Tac. A. 2, 41:

ultra Borysthenem fluvium,

Gell. 9, 4, 6:

super Bosporum,

Curt. 6, 2, 13:

extra urbem,

App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To bestow care upon a thing, to care for.

Of the gods: colere aliquem locum, to frequent, cherish, care for, protect, be the guardian of, said of places where they were worshipped, had temples, etc.:

deos deasque veneror, qui hanc urbem colunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 19; Cat. 36, 12:

Pallas, quas condidit arces, Ipsa colat,

Verg. E. 2, 62:

ille (Juppiter) colit terras,

id. ib. 3, 61; id. A. 1, 16 Forbig. ad loc.:

undis jura dabat, nymphisque colentibus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 576:

urbem colentes di,

Liv. 31, 30, 9; 5, 21, 3:

vos, Ceres mater ac Proserpina, precor, ceteri superi infernique di, qui hanc urbem colitis,

id. 24, 39, 8:

divi divaeque, qui maria terrasque colitis,

id. 29, 27, 1.—

Rarely with persons as object (syn.:

curo, studeo, observo, obsequor): Juppiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

(Castor et Pollux) dum terras hominumque colunt genus,

i. e. improve, polish, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7. —

Of the body or its parts, to cultivate, attend to, dress, clothe, adorn, etc.:

formamque augere colendo,

by attire, dress, Ov. M. 10, 534:

corpora,

id. A. A. 3, 107:

tu quoque dum coleris,

id. ib. 3, 225.—With abl.:

lacertos auro,

Curt. 8, 9, 21:

lacertum armillā aureā,

Petr. 32:

capillos,

Tib. 1, 6, 39; 1, 8, 9.—

With abstr. objects, to cultivate, cherish, seek, practise, devote one ' s self to, etc.;

of mental and moral cultivation: aequom et bonum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 10:

amicitiam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 27:

fidem rectumque,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

fortitudinem,

Curt. 10, 3, 9:

jus et fas,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

memoriam alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

bonos mores,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

suum quaestum colit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 137:

pietatem,

id. As. 3, 1, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 33:

virtutem,

Cic. Arch. 7, 16; id. Off. 1, 41, 149:

amicitiam, justitiam, liberalitatem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

virginitatis amorem,

Verg. A. 11, 584:

pacem,

Ov. M. 11, 297; cf. Martem, Sil. [p. 370] 8, 464:

studium philosophiae,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

disciplinam,

id. ib. 31, 117:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

id. Off. 1, 1, 3:

patrias artes militiamque,

Ov. F. 2, 508; cf.:

artes liberales,

Suet. Tib. 60:

ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentiā,

Vell. 2, 29, 5 Kritz.—

Of a period of time or a condition, to live in, experience, live through, pass, spend, etc.:

servitutem apud aliquem,

to be a slave, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 7:

nunc plane nec ego victum, nec vitam illam colere possum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; and poet. in gen.: vitam or aevum = degere, to take care of life, for to live:

vitam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 74; id. Cas. 2, 1, 12; id. Rud. 1, 5, 25:

vitam inopem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84:

aevum vi,

Lucr. 5, 1144 and 1149.—

Colere aliquem, to regard one with care, i. e. to honor, revere, reverence, worship, etc. (syn.: observo, veneror, diligo).

Most freq. of the reverence and worship of the gods, and the respect paid to objects pertaining thereto, to honor, respect, revere, reverence, worship:

quid est enim cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas?

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115:

hos deos et venerari et colere debemus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 119; id. Agr. 2, 35, 94; Liv. 39, 15, 2; Cat. 61, 48:

Phoebe silvarumque potens Diana... o colendi Semper et culti,

Hor. C. S. 2 and 3; cf. Ov. M. 8, 350:

deos aris, pulvinaribus,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

Mercurium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

Apollinem nimiā religione,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

Cererem secubitu,

Ov. A. 3, 10, 16:

(deam) magis officiis quam probitate,

id. P. 3, 1, 76:

per flamines et sacerdotes,

Tac. A. 1, 10; Suet. Vit. 1:

quo cognomine is deus quādam in parte urbis colebatur,

id. Aug. 70:

deum precibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 580:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9; cf. id. Font. 10, 21; and:

colebantur religiones pie magis quam magnifice,

Liv. 3, 57, 7; and:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones humana fides colitur,

id. 9, 9, 4:

sacra,

Ov. M. 4, 32; 15, 679:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 733; 6, 208; cf. Liv. 1, 7, 10; Suet. Vit. 2 et saep.:

numina alicujus,

Verg. G. 1, 30:

templum,

id. A. 4, 458; Ov. M. 11, 578:

caerimonias sepulcrorum tantā curà,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

sacrarium summā caerimoniā,

Nep. Th. 8, 4:

simulacrum,

Suet. Galb. 4.—

Of the honor bestowed upon men:

ut Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

quia me colitis et magnificatis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 23; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

a quibus diligenter observari videmur et coli,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70; cf. id. Fam. 6, 10, 7; 13, 22, 1; id. Off. 1, 41, 149; Sall. J. 10, 8:

poëtarum nomen,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

civitatem,

id. Fl. 22, 52; cf.:

in amicis et diligendis et colendis,

id. Lael. 22, 85 and 82:

semper ego plebem Romanam militiae domique... colo atque colui,

Liv. 7, 32, 16:

colere et ornare,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

me diligentissime,

id. ib. 13, 25 init.:

si te colo, Sexte, non amabo,

Mart. 2, 55:

aliquem donis,

Liv. 31, 43, 7:

litteris,

Nep. Att. 20, 4:

nec illos arte colam, nec opulenter,

Sall. J. 85, 34 Kritz.— Hence,

cŏlens, entis, P. a., honoring, treating respectfully; subst., a reverer, worshipper; with gen.:

religionum,

Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—

cultus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Cultivated, tilled:

ager cultior,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 20:

ager cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

materia et culta et silvestris,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

res pecuaria,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

rus cultissimum,

Col. 1, 1, 1:

terra,

Quint. 5, 11, 24:

fundus cultior,

id. 8, 3, 8:

cultiora loca,

Curt. 7, 3, 18.—

Subst.: culta, ōrum, n., tilled, cultivated land, gardens, plantations, etc., Lucr. 1, 165; 1, 210; 5, 1370; Verg. G. 1, 153; 2, 196; 4, 372; Plin. 24, 10, 49, § 83—Hence,

Trop., ornamented, adorned, polished, elegant, cultivated:

milites habebat tam cultos ut argento et auro politis armis ornaret,

Suet. Caes. 67:

adulter,

Ov. Tr. 2, 499:

turba muliebriter culta,

Curt. 3, 3, 14:

sacerdos veste candidā cultus,

Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251:

matrona vetitā purpurā culta,

Suet. Ner. 32:

filia cultior,

Mart. 10, 98, 3:

animi culti,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

tempora et ingenia cultiora,

Curt. 7, 8, 11:

Tibullus,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 28; cf.

carmina,

id. A. A. 3, 341:

cultiores doctioresque redire,

Gell. 19, 8, 1:

sermone cultissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 45.— Adv.: cul-tē, elegantly: dicere, * Quint. 8, 3, 7; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Sen. Suas. 4 fin.; Tac. Or. 21: (sc. veste) progredi, Just. 3, 3, 5:

incubare strato lectulo,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.— Sup. apparently not in use.

cōlo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [colum], to filter, strain, to clarify, purify (post-Aug.):

ceram,

Col. 9, 16, 1:

mel,

id. 12, 11, 1:

vinum sportā palmeā,

Pall. Febr. 27:

sucum linteo,

Plin. 25, 13, 103, § 164:

thymum cribro,

Col. 7, 8, 7:

aliquid per linteum,

Scrib. Comp. 271:

ad colum,

Veg. 2, 28, 19:

per colum,

Apic. 4, 2:

aurum,

App. Flor. p. 343, 20:

terra colans,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

faex colata,

id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.— Poet.:

amnes inductis retibus,

i. e. to spread out a fish-net, Manil. 5, 193.—Hence, cōlātus, a, um, P. a., cleansed, purified (post-class.):

nitor (beryllorum),

Tert. Anim. 9.—

Trop.:

certiora et colatiora somniari,

Tert. Anim. 48.

cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—

Absol., Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Verg. G. 1, 121; Dig. 19, 2, 54, § 1.—

In gen., without reference to economics, to abide, dwell, stay in a place, to inhabit (syn.: incolo, habito; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

With acc.:

hanc domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 4:

nemora atque cavos montes silvasque colebant,

Lucr. 5, 955:

regiones Acherunticas,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 21:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

urbem, urbem, mi Rufe, cole,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 2:

has terras,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 164; Tac. A. 2, 60:

loca Idae,

Cat. 63, 70:

Idalium,

id. 36, 12 sq.; 61, 17:

urbem Trojanam,

Verg. A. 4, 343:

Sicaniam,

Ov. M. 5, 495:

Maeoniam Sipylumque,

id. ib. 6, 149:

Elin Messeniaque arva,

id. ib. 2, 679:

regnum nemorale Dianae,

id. ib. 14, 331:

hoc nemus,

id. ib. 15, 545:

Elysium,

Verg. A. 5, 735:

loca magna,

Ov. M. 14, 681; Liv. 1, 7, 10:

Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 11:

Rheni ripam,

id. G. 28:

victam ripam,

id. A. 1, 59:

terras,

id. ib. 2, 60; cf. id. H. 5, 2:

insulam,

id. A. 12, 61; id. G. 29:

regionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 4.— Poet., of poets:

me juvat in primā coluisse Helicona juventā,

i. e. to have written poetry in early youth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 19.—Also of animals:

anguis stagna,

Verg. G. 3, 430; Ov. M. 2, 380.—

Absol.:

hic,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68:

subdiu colere te usque perpetuom diem,

id. Most. 3, 2, 78; Liv. 42, 67, 9; Curt. 9, 9, 2:

colunt discreti ac diversi,

Tac. G. 16:

proximi Cattis Usipii ac Tencteri colunt,

id. ib. 32:

circa utramque ripam Rhodani,

Liv. 21, 26, 6:

quā Cilices maritimi colunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

prope Oceanum,

id. 24, 49, 6:

usque ad Albim,

Tac. A. 2, 41:

ultra Borysthenem fluvium,

Gell. 9, 4, 6:

super Bosporum,

Curt. 6, 2, 13:

extra urbem,

App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To bestow care upon a thing, to care for.

Of the gods: colere aliquem locum, to frequent, cherish, care for, protect, be the guardian of, said of places where they were worshipped, had temples, etc.:

deos deasque veneror, qui hanc urbem colunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 19; Cat. 36, 12:

Pallas, quas condidit arces, Ipsa colat,

Verg. E. 2, 62:

ille (Juppiter) colit terras,

id. ib. 3, 61; id. A. 1, 16 Forbig. ad loc.:

undis jura dabat, nymphisque colentibus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 576:

urbem colentes di,

Liv. 31, 30, 9; 5, 21, 3:

vos, Ceres mater ac Proserpina, precor, ceteri superi infernique di, qui hanc urbem colitis,

id. 24, 39, 8:

divi divaeque, qui maria terrasque colitis,

id. 29, 27, 1.—

Rarely with persons as object (syn.:

curo, studeo, observo, obsequor): Juppiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

(Castor et Pollux) dum terras hominumque colunt genus,

i. e. improve, polish, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7. —

Of the body or its parts, to cultivate, attend to, dress, clothe, adorn, etc.:

formamque augere colendo,

by attire, dress, Ov. M. 10, 534:

corpora,

id. A. A. 3, 107:

tu quoque dum coleris,

id. ib. 3, 225.—With abl.:

lacertos auro,

Curt. 8, 9, 21:

lacertum armillā aureā,

Petr. 32:

capillos,

Tib. 1, 6, 39; 1, 8, 9.—

With abstr. objects, to cultivate, cherish, seek, practise, devote one ' s self to, etc.;

of mental and moral cultivation: aequom et bonum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 10:

amicitiam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 27:

fidem rectumque,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

fortitudinem,

Curt. 10, 3, 9:

jus et fas,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

memoriam alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

bonos mores,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

suum quaestum colit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 137:

pietatem,

id. As. 3, 1, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 33:

virtutem,

Cic. Arch. 7, 16; id. Off. 1, 41, 149:

amicitiam, justitiam, liberalitatem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

virginitatis amorem,

Verg. A. 11, 584:

pacem,

Ov. M. 11, 297; cf. Martem, Sil. [p. 370] 8, 464:

studium philosophiae,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

disciplinam,

id. ib. 31, 117:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

id. Off. 1, 1, 3:

patrias artes militiamque,

Ov. F. 2, 508; cf.:

artes liberales,

Suet. Tib. 60:

ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentiā,

Vell. 2, 29, 5 Kritz.—

Of a period of time or a condition, to live in, experience, live through, pass, spend, etc.:

servitutem apud aliquem,

to be a slave, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 7:

nunc plane nec ego victum, nec vitam illam colere possum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; and poet. in gen.: vitam or aevum = degere, to take care of life, for to live:

vitam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 74; id. Cas. 2, 1, 12; id. Rud. 1, 5, 25:

vitam inopem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84:

aevum vi,

Lucr. 5, 1144 and 1149.—

Colere aliquem, to regard one with care, i. e. to honor, revere, reverence, worship, etc. (syn.: observo, veneror, diligo).

Most freq. of the reverence and worship of the gods, and the respect paid to objects pertaining thereto, to honor, respect, revere, reverence, worship:

quid est enim cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas?

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115:

hos deos et venerari et colere debemus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 119; id. Agr. 2, 35, 94; Liv. 39, 15, 2; Cat. 61, 48:

Phoebe silvarumque potens Diana... o colendi Semper et culti,

Hor. C. S. 2 and 3; cf. Ov. M. 8, 350:

deos aris, pulvinaribus,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

Mercurium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

Apollinem nimiā religione,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

Cererem secubitu,

Ov. A. 3, 10, 16:

(deam) magis officiis quam probitate,

id. P. 3, 1, 76:

per flamines et sacerdotes,

Tac. A. 1, 10; Suet. Vit. 1:

quo cognomine is deus quādam in parte urbis colebatur,

id. Aug. 70:

deum precibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 580:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9; cf. id. Font. 10, 21; and:

colebantur religiones pie magis quam magnifice,

Liv. 3, 57, 7; and:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones humana fides colitur,

id. 9, 9, 4:

sacra,

Ov. M. 4, 32; 15, 679:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 733; 6, 208; cf. Liv. 1, 7, 10; Suet. Vit. 2 et saep.:

numina alicujus,

Verg. G. 1, 30:

templum,

id. A. 4, 458; Ov. M. 11, 578:

caerimonias sepulcrorum tantā curà,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

sacrarium summā caerimoniā,

Nep. Th. 8, 4:

simulacrum,

Suet. Galb. 4.—

Of the honor bestowed upon men:

ut Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

quia me colitis et magnificatis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 23; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

a quibus diligenter observari videmur et coli,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70; cf. id. Fam. 6, 10, 7; 13, 22, 1; id. Off. 1, 41, 149; Sall. J. 10, 8:

poëtarum nomen,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

civitatem,

id. Fl. 22, 52; cf.:

in amicis et diligendis et colendis,

id. Lael. 22, 85 and 82:

semper ego plebem Romanam militiae domique... colo atque colui,

Liv. 7, 32, 16:

colere et ornare,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

me diligentissime,

id. ib. 13, 25 init.:

si te colo, Sexte, non amabo,

Mart. 2, 55:

aliquem donis,

Liv. 31, 43, 7:

litteris,

Nep. Att. 20, 4:

nec illos arte colam, nec opulenter,

Sall. J. 85, 34 Kritz.— Hence,

cŏlens, entis, P. a., honoring, treating respectfully; subst., a reverer, worshipper; with gen.:

religionum,

Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—

cultus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Cultivated, tilled:

ager cultior,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 20:

ager cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

materia et culta et silvestris,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

res pecuaria,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

rus cultissimum,

Col. 1, 1, 1:

terra,

Quint. 5, 11, 24:

fundus cultior,

id. 8, 3, 8:

cultiora loca,

Curt. 7, 3, 18.—

Subst.: culta, ōrum, n., tilled, cultivated land, gardens, plantations, etc., Lucr. 1, 165; 1, 210; 5, 1370; Verg. G. 1, 153; 2, 196; 4, 372; Plin. 24, 10, 49, § 83—Hence,

Trop., ornamented, adorned, polished, elegant, cultivated:

milites habebat tam cultos ut argento et auro politis armis ornaret,

Suet. Caes. 67:

adulter,

Ov. Tr. 2, 499:

turba muliebriter culta,

Curt. 3, 3, 14:

sacerdos veste candidā cultus,

Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251:

matrona vetitā purpurā culta,

Suet. Ner. 32:

filia cultior,

Mart. 10, 98, 3:

animi culti,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

tempora et ingenia cultiora,

Curt. 7, 8, 11:

Tibullus,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 28; cf.

carmina,

id. A. A. 3, 341:

cultiores doctioresque redire,

Gell. 19, 8, 1:

sermone cultissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 45.— Adv.: cul-tē, elegantly: dicere, * Quint. 8, 3, 7; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Sen. Suas. 4 fin.; Tac. Or. 21: (sc. veste) progredi, Just. 3, 3, 5:

incubare strato lectulo,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.— Sup. apparently not in use.

cōlo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [colum], to filter, strain, to clarify, purify (post-Aug.):

ceram,

Col. 9, 16, 1:

mel,

id. 12, 11, 1:

vinum sportā palmeā,

Pall. Febr. 27:

sucum linteo,

Plin. 25, 13, 103, § 164:

thymum cribro,

Col. 7, 8, 7:

aliquid per linteum,

Scrib. Comp. 271:

ad colum,

Veg. 2, 28, 19:

per colum,

Apic. 4, 2:

aurum,

App. Flor. p. 343, 20:

terra colans,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

faex colata,

id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.— Poet.:

amnes inductis retibus,

i. e. to spread out a fish-net, Manil. 5, 193.—Hence, cōlātus, a, um, P. a., cleansed, purified (post-class.):

nitor (beryllorum),

Tert. Anim. 9.—

Trop.:

certiora et colatiora somniari,

Tert. Anim. 48.

cŏlo, colŭi, cultum, 3, v. a. [from the stem KOL, whence boukolos, boukoleô; cf.: colonus, in-cola, agri-cola] (orig. pertaining to agriculture), to cultivate, till, tend, take care of a field, garden, etc. (freq. in all per. and species of composition).

Prop.

With acc.:

fundum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 2:

agrum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 14; Cato, R. R. 61; Col. 1 pr.:

agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; id. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

arva et vineta et oleas et arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

praedia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

rus,

Col. 1, 1:

rura,

Cat. 64, 38; Tib. 1, 5, 21; Verg. G. 2, 413:

hortos,

Ov. M. 14, 624 al.:

jugera,

Col. 1 pr.:

patrios fines,

id. ib.:

solum,

id. 2, 2, 8:

terram,

id. 2, 2, 4:

arbustum,

Quint. 1, 12, 7:

vitem,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

arbores,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 22:

arva,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 13, 15:

fructus,

Verg. G. 2, 36:

fruges,

Ov. M. 15, 134:

poma,

id. ib. 14, 687; cf. under P. a.—

Absol., Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Verg. G. 1, 121; Dig. 19, 2, 54, § 1.—

In gen., without reference to economics, to abide, dwell, stay in a place, to inhabit (syn.: incolo, habito; most freq. since the Aug. per.).

With acc.:

hanc domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 4:

nemora atque cavos montes silvasque colebant,

Lucr. 5, 955:

regiones Acherunticas,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 21:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

urbem, urbem, mi Rufe, cole,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 2:

has terras,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 164; Tac. A. 2, 60:

loca Idae,

Cat. 63, 70:

Idalium,

id. 36, 12 sq.; 61, 17:

urbem Trojanam,

Verg. A. 4, 343:

Sicaniam,

Ov. M. 5, 495:

Maeoniam Sipylumque,

id. ib. 6, 149:

Elin Messeniaque arva,

id. ib. 2, 679:

regnum nemorale Dianae,

id. ib. 14, 331:

hoc nemus,

id. ib. 15, 545:

Elysium,

Verg. A. 5, 735:

loca magna,

Ov. M. 14, 681; Liv. 1, 7, 10:

Britanniam,

Tac. Agr. 11:

Rheni ripam,

id. G. 28:

victam ripam,

id. A. 1, 59:

terras,

id. ib. 2, 60; cf. id. H. 5, 2:

insulam,

id. A. 12, 61; id. G. 29:

regionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 4.— Poet., of poets:

me juvat in primā coluisse Helicona juventā,

i. e. to have written poetry in early youth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 19.—Also of animals:

anguis stagna,

Verg. G. 3, 430; Ov. M. 2, 380.—

Absol.:

hic,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 68:

subdiu colere te usque perpetuom diem,

id. Most. 3, 2, 78; Liv. 42, 67, 9; Curt. 9, 9, 2:

colunt discreti ac diversi,

Tac. G. 16:

proximi Cattis Usipii ac Tencteri colunt,

id. ib. 32:

circa utramque ripam Rhodani,

Liv. 21, 26, 6:

quā Cilices maritimi colunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

prope Oceanum,

id. 24, 49, 6:

usque ad Albim,

Tac. A. 2, 41:

ultra Borysthenem fluvium,

Gell. 9, 4, 6:

super Bosporum,

Curt. 6, 2, 13:

extra urbem,

App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To bestow care upon a thing, to care for.

Of the gods: colere aliquem locum, to frequent, cherish, care for, protect, be the guardian of, said of places where they were worshipped, had temples, etc.:

deos deasque veneror, qui hanc urbem colunt,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 19; Cat. 36, 12:

Pallas, quas condidit arces, Ipsa colat,

Verg. E. 2, 62:

ille (Juppiter) colit terras,

id. ib. 3, 61; id. A. 1, 16 Forbig. ad loc.:

undis jura dabat, nymphisque colentibus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 576:

urbem colentes di,

Liv. 31, 30, 9; 5, 21, 3:

vos, Ceres mater ac Proserpina, precor, ceteri superi infernique di, qui hanc urbem colitis,

id. 24, 39, 8:

divi divaeque, qui maria terrasque colitis,

id. 29, 27, 1.—

Rarely with persons as object (syn.:

curo, studeo, observo, obsequor): Juppiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

(Castor et Pollux) dum terras hominumque colunt genus,

i. e. improve, polish, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7. —

Of the body or its parts, to cultivate, attend to, dress, clothe, adorn, etc.:

formamque augere colendo,

by attire, dress, Ov. M. 10, 534:

corpora,

id. A. A. 3, 107:

tu quoque dum coleris,

id. ib. 3, 225.—With abl.:

lacertos auro,

Curt. 8, 9, 21:

lacertum armillā aureā,

Petr. 32:

capillos,

Tib. 1, 6, 39; 1, 8, 9.—

With abstr. objects, to cultivate, cherish, seek, practise, devote one ' s self to, etc.;

of mental and moral cultivation: aequom et bonum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 10:

amicitiam,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 27:

fidem rectumque,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

fortitudinem,

Curt. 10, 3, 9:

jus et fas,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

memoriam alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

bonos mores,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

suum quaestum colit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 137:

pietatem,

id. As. 3, 1, 5; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 33:

virtutem,

Cic. Arch. 7, 16; id. Off. 1, 41, 149:

amicitiam, justitiam, liberalitatem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

virginitatis amorem,

Verg. A. 11, 584:

pacem,

Ov. M. 11, 297; cf. Martem, Sil. [p. 370] 8, 464:

studium philosophiae,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

disciplinam,

id. ib. 31, 117:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

id. Off. 1, 1, 3:

patrias artes militiamque,

Ov. F. 2, 508; cf.:

artes liberales,

Suet. Tib. 60:

ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentiā,

Vell. 2, 29, 5 Kritz.—

Of a period of time or a condition, to live in, experience, live through, pass, spend, etc.:

servitutem apud aliquem,

to be a slave, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 7:

nunc plane nec ego victum, nec vitam illam colere possum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; and poet. in gen.: vitam or aevum = degere, to take care of life, for to live:

vitam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 74; id. Cas. 2, 1, 12; id. Rud. 1, 5, 25:

vitam inopem,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84:

aevum vi,

Lucr. 5, 1144 and 1149.—

Colere aliquem, to regard one with care, i. e. to honor, revere, reverence, worship, etc. (syn.: observo, veneror, diligo).

Most freq. of the reverence and worship of the gods, and the respect paid to objects pertaining thereto, to honor, respect, revere, reverence, worship:

quid est enim cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas?

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115:

hos deos et venerari et colere debemus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 119; id. Agr. 2, 35, 94; Liv. 39, 15, 2; Cat. 61, 48:

Phoebe silvarumque potens Diana... o colendi Semper et culti,

Hor. C. S. 2 and 3; cf. Ov. M. 8, 350:

deos aris, pulvinaribus,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

Mercurium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

Apollinem nimiā religione,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

Cererem secubitu,

Ov. A. 3, 10, 16:

(deam) magis officiis quam probitate,

id. P. 3, 1, 76:

per flamines et sacerdotes,

Tac. A. 1, 10; Suet. Vit. 1:

quo cognomine is deus quādam in parte urbis colebatur,

id. Aug. 70:

deum precibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 580:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9; cf. id. Font. 10, 21; and:

colebantur religiones pie magis quam magnifice,

Liv. 3, 57, 7; and:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones humana fides colitur,

id. 9, 9, 4:

sacra,

Ov. M. 4, 32; 15, 679:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 733; 6, 208; cf. Liv. 1, 7, 10; Suet. Vit. 2 et saep.:

numina alicujus,

Verg. G. 1, 30:

templum,

id. A. 4, 458; Ov. M. 11, 578:

caerimonias sepulcrorum tantā curà,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

sacrarium summā caerimoniā,

Nep. Th. 8, 4:

simulacrum,

Suet. Galb. 4.—

Of the honor bestowed upon men:

ut Africanum ut deum coleret Laelius,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

quia me colitis et magnificatis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 23; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

a quibus diligenter observari videmur et coli,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70; cf. id. Fam. 6, 10, 7; 13, 22, 1; id. Off. 1, 41, 149; Sall. J. 10, 8:

poëtarum nomen,

Cic. Arch. 11, 27:

civitatem,

id. Fl. 22, 52; cf.:

in amicis et diligendis et colendis,

id. Lael. 22, 85 and 82:

semper ego plebem Romanam militiae domique... colo atque colui,

Liv. 7, 32, 16:

colere et ornare,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

me diligentissime,

id. ib. 13, 25 init.:

si te colo, Sexte, non amabo,

Mart. 2, 55:

aliquem donis,

Liv. 31, 43, 7:

litteris,

Nep. Att. 20, 4:

nec illos arte colam, nec opulenter,

Sall. J. 85, 34 Kritz.— Hence,

cŏlens, entis, P. a., honoring, treating respectfully; subst., a reverer, worshipper; with gen.:

religionum,

Cic. Planc. 33, 80.—

cultus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Cultivated, tilled:

ager cultior,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 20:

ager cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

materia et culta et silvestris,

id. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

res pecuaria,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

rus cultissimum,

Col. 1, 1, 1:

terra,

Quint. 5, 11, 24:

fundus cultior,

id. 8, 3, 8:

cultiora loca,

Curt. 7, 3, 18.—

Subst.: culta, ōrum, n., tilled, cultivated land, gardens, plantations, etc., Lucr. 1, 165; 1, 210; 5, 1370; Verg. G. 1, 153; 2, 196; 4, 372; Plin. 24, 10, 49, § 83—Hence,

Trop., ornamented, adorned, polished, elegant, cultivated:

milites habebat tam cultos ut argento et auro politis armis ornaret,

Suet. Caes. 67:

adulter,

Ov. Tr. 2, 499:

turba muliebriter culta,

Curt. 3, 3, 14:

sacerdos veste candidā cultus,

Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251:

matrona vetitā purpurā culta,

Suet. Ner. 32:

filia cultior,

Mart. 10, 98, 3:

animi culti,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; cf.:

tempora et ingenia cultiora,

Curt. 7, 8, 11:

Tibullus,

Ov. Am. 1, 15, 28; cf.

carmina,

id. A. A. 3, 341:

cultiores doctioresque redire,

Gell. 19, 8, 1:

sermone cultissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 45.— Adv.: cul-tē, elegantly: dicere, * Quint. 8, 3, 7; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 6.— Comp.:

dicere,

Sen. Suas. 4 fin.; Tac. Or. 21: (sc. veste) progredi, Just. 3, 3, 5:

incubare strato lectulo,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.— Sup. apparently not in use.

cōlo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. [colum], to filter, strain, to clarify, purify (post-Aug.):

ceram,

Col. 9, 16, 1:

mel,

id. 12, 11, 1:

vinum sportā palmeā,

Pall. Febr. 27:

sucum linteo,

Plin. 25, 13, 103, § 164:

thymum cribro,

Col. 7, 8, 7:

aliquid per linteum,

Scrib. Comp. 271:

ad colum,

Veg. 2, 28, 19:

per colum,

Apic. 4, 2:

aurum,

App. Flor. p. 343, 20:

terra colans,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

faex colata,

id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.— Poet.:

amnes inductis retibus,

i. e. to spread out a fish-net, Manil. 5, 193.—Hence, cōlātus, a, um, P. a., cleansed, purified (post-class.):

nitor (beryllorum),

Tert. Anim. 9.—

Trop.:

certiora et colatiora somniari,

Tert. Anim. 48.

* * *

(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.

1) to draw, drag, pull;

draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;

draga árar, to pull the oars;

absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;

draga boga, to draw the bow;

draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);

draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;

draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;

við ramman mun reip at draga, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;

2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);

draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;

draga öndina, to breathe, live;

3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);

draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);

4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);

5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);

6) to delay, put off, defer;

vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;

hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;

7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);

í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);

8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);

with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;

9) intrans to move, draw;

drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;

10) with preps.:

draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;

draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;

dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;

draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;

draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);

draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;

man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;

Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;

draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;

draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;

draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;

dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;

impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);

til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;

þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;

dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;

tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;

svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;

nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;

draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;

draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;

draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);

impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);

dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;

dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;

draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);

draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;

um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;

draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);

draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;

draga fram skip, to launch a ship;

impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;

hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;

dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);

ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;

draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);

impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;

saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;

dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;

draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);

impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;

draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;

engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;

slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;

ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;

draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;

hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;

impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;

with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;

at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;

dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;

svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;

draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);

draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);

hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;

draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;

draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);

impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;

lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach;

draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);

impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;

draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;

draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);

draga upp fisk, to pull up fish with a line;

impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;

11) refl., dragast.

f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,

1) timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground;

2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).

* * *

pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.

A. ACT., with acc.

I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit ( pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. 375, cp. Ad. 3; d. föt, skóklæði af e-m, to draw off clothes, shoes; þá var dregin af ( stripped off) hosa líkinu, Fms. viii. 265; dró hann hana á hönd ser, he pulled it on his hand, Eg. 378; d. hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand, 306; (hann) tók gullhring, ok dró ( pulled) á blóðrefilinn, id.: phrases, er við ramman reip at d., ’tis to pull a rope against the strong man, i. e. to cope with the mighty, Fms. ii. 107, Nj. 10,—the metaphor from a game; d. árar, to pull the oars, Fms. ii. 180, Grett. 125 A: absol. to pull, ok drógu skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them, Gullþ. 24, Krók. 52: metaph., um margar íþróttir dró hann fast eptir Ólafi, in many accomplishments he pressed hard upon Olave, Fms. iii. 17: d. boga, to draw the bow, x. 362, but more freq. benda ( bend) boga: d., or d. upp segl, to hoist the sails, Eg. 93, Fms. ix. 21, x. 349, Orkn. 260: d. fiska, or simply draga (Luke v. 7), to fish with a hook, to pull up fish with a line (hence fisk-dráttr, dráttr, fishing), Fms. iv. 89, Hým. 21, 23, Fs. 129, Landn. 36, Fas. ii. 31: d. drátt, Luke v. 4; d. net, to fish with a drag-net; also absol., draga á (on or in) á ( a river), to drag a river; hence the metaphor, d. langa nót at e-u, = Lat. longae ambages, Nj. 139: d. steina, to grind in a hand-mill, Sl. 58, Gs. 15: d. bust ór nefi e-m, vide bust: d. anda, to draw breath; d. öndina um barkann, id., (andar-dráttr, drawing breath); d. tönn, to draw a tooth.

2. phrases mostly metaph.; d. seim, prop. to draw wire, metaph. to read or talk with a drawling tone; d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; d. dám af e-u, to draw flavour from; draga dæmi af e-u, or d. e-t til dæmis, to draw an example from a thing, Stj. 13, cp. Nj. 65; d. þýðu eðr samræði til e-s, to draw towards, feel sympathy for, Sks. 358; d. grun á e-t, to suspect, Sturl.; d. spott, skaup, gys, etc. at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule, Bs. i. 647; d. á sik dul ok dramb, to assume the air of…, 655 xi. 3; d. á sik ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20; d. e-n á talar, to deceive one, metaphor from leading into a trap, 2 Cor. xii. 17; d. vél at e-m, to deceive one, draw a person into wiles, Nj. 280, Skv. i. 33; d. á vetr, to get one’s sheep and cattle through the winter; Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið hin firstu misseri, Hrafn. 22, cp. Germ. anbinden, and in mod. Icel. usage setja á vetr; d. nafn af e-m, to draw, derive the name from, Eb. 126 (App.) new Ed.; the phrase, (hann skyldi ekki) fleiri ár yfir höfuð d., more years should not pass over his head, he must die, Þórð.

II. to draw a picture; kross let hann d. í enni á öllum hjálmum með bleiku, Fms. iv. 96; þá dró Tjörvi líkneski þeirra á kamarsvegg, Landn. 247; var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli, Ld. 78, Pr. 428; í þann tíma sem hann dregr ( draws) klæða-föllin (the folds), Mar. (Fr.): d. til stafs (mod.), to draw the letters, of children first trying to write; d. fjöðr yfir e-t, a metaph. phrase, to draw a pen over or through, to hide, cloak a thing: gramm. to mark a vowel with a stroke,—a long vowel opp. to a short one is thus called ‘dreginn;’ hljóðstafir hafa tvenna grein, at þeir sé styttir ( short) eða dregnir (drawn, marked with a stroke), ok er því betr dregit yfir þann staf er seint skal at kveða, e. g. ári Ari, ér er-, mínu minni, Skálda 171: to measure, in the phrases, draga kvarða við vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498; draga lérept, N. G. L. i. 323.

III. to line clothes, etc.; treyja var dregin utan ok innan við rauðu silki, Flov. 19.

IV. metaph. to delay; dró hann svá sitt mál, at…, Sturl. iii. 13; hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge, Hkr. ii. 157; Halldórr dró þá heldr fyrir þeim, H. then delayed the time, Ld. 322; vil ek ekki lengr d. þetta fyrir þér, 284; vil ek þessi svör eigi láta d. fyrir mér lengr, Eb. 130.

V. with prepp. af, at, á, fram, frá, saman, sundr, etc., answering to the Lat. attrahere, abstrahere, protrahere, detrahere, distrahere, contrahere, etc.; d. at lið, to collect troops; d. saman her, id., Eg. 172, 269, Nj. 127; d. at föng, to collect stores, 208, 259: metaph., þá dró at honum sóttin, the sickness drew nearer to him, he grew worse, Grett. 119; d. af e-m, to take off, to disparage a person, Fms. vi. 287; d. af við e-n, ok mun héðan af ekki af dregit við oss, we shall not be neglected, stinted, Bjarn. 54: mathem. term, to subtract, Rb. 118: d. fram, to bring forward, promote; d. fram þræla, Fms. x. 421, ix. 254, Eg. 354; skil ek þat, at þat man mína kosti hér fram d. (it will be my greatest help here), at þú átt ekki vald á mér; d. fram kaupeyri, to make money, Fms. vi. 8; d. saman, to draw together, collect, join, Bs. ii. 18, Nj. 65, 76; d. sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin; d. e-t á, to intimate, (á-dráttr) drag eigi á þat, Sturl. iii. 110; d. undan, to escape; kómu segli við ok drógu undan, Fms. iv. 201; nú lægir segl þeirra ok d. þeir nú undan oss, v. 11: metaph. to delay, Uspakr dró þó undan allt til nætr, Nj. 272; hirðin sá þetta at svá mjök var undan dregit, Fms. ix. 251 (undan-dráttr, delay); hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín, Glúm. 326, Fms. ix. 251, Pass. 16. 13: mathem., d. rót undan, to extract a root, Alg. 366; d. upp, to draw a picture (upp-dráttr, a drawing), to pull up, Edda I; to pull out of the snow, Eg. 546; d. út, to extract, draw out, 655 xxxii. 2; d. undir sik, to draw under oneself, to embezzle, Eg. 61, Fms. vii. 128; d. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor, Jb. 403; d. upp segl, to hoist sail, vide above; ljós brann í stofunni ok var dregit upp, Sturl. i. 142; þar brann ljós ok var dregit upp, en myrkt hit neðra, ii. 230; ok er mönnum var í sæti skipat vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, iii. 182; herbergis sveinarnir drógu upp skriðljósin, Fas. iii. 530, cp. Gísl. 29, 113,—in the old halls the lamps (torches) were hoisted up and down, in order to make the light fainter or stronger; d. e-n til e-s, to draw one towards a thing; mikit dregr mik til þess, Fs. 9; engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, i. e. it is not by my own choice that I undertake this journey, Fms. ix. 352; slíkt dró hann til vinsældar, this furthered him in popularity, vii. 175, Sks. 443 B; mun hann slíkt til d., it will move, influence him, Nj. 210; ef hann drægi ekki til, if he was not concerned, 224.

2. draga til is used absol. or ellipt., denoting the course of fate, and many of the following phrases are almost impers.; nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out worse, Nj. 175; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, Lat. fata evenient, 185; ef honum vill þetta til dauða d., if this draw to his death, prove fatal to him, 103, Grett. 114; þat samband þeirra er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will be fatal to both of them, Nj. 135; enda varð þat fram at koma sem til dró, Ísl. ii. 263; sagði Kveldúlfr at þá ( then) mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75; dró til vanda með þeim Rúti ok Unni, it was the old story over again, Nj. 12; dró til vanda um tal þeirra, 129; at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that mickle mischief would arise from this bargain, 30; dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began over again, Fms. x. 161; ok er úvíst til hvers um dregr, Fs. 6; svá er þat, segir Runólfr, ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforeseen things happen, Nj. 75; hón kvað eigi úlíkligt at til mikils drægi um, Ísl. ii. 19; þá dró nú til hvárttveggja. Bret.; hence til-drög. n. pl. cause.

B. IMPERS.

1. of clouds, shade, darkness, to be drawn before a thing as a veil; dimmu (acc.) þykir á draga ráðit Odds, it looked as if gloom were drawing over Odd’s affairs, Band. 10; ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar (acc.), it began to draw into showers, i. e. clouds began to gather, Fms. iii. 206: often ellipt., hratt stundum fyrir en stundum dró frá, [ clouds] drew sometimes over, sometimes off, of the moon wading through them, Grett. 114; dregr fyrir sól, [ a veil] draws over the sun, he is hid in clouds; ský vónarleysu döpur drjúgum dró fyrir mína gleði-sól, Bb. 2. 9; dregr á gleði biskups, [ clouds] drew over the bishop’s gladness, it was eclipsed, Bs. ii. 79; eclipsis heitir er fyrir dregr sól eðr tungl, it is called an eclipse when [ a veil] draws over the sun or moon, 1812. 4; tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir, the moonshine was clear, and in turn [ a veil] drew over it, Nj. 118; þá sá lítið af tungli ljóst ok dró ymist til eðr frá, Ísl. ii. 463; þat gerðisk, at á dregr tunglit, ok verðr eclipsis, Al. 54.

2. in various connections; dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you were drawn into a thrashing (i. e. got one), but we escaped, Nj. 141; hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape, Fms. ix. 392: absol., a noun or personal pronoun in acc. being understood, lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little power of drawing out of thy reach, i. e. thy blow did its work right well. Nj. 199, 155; hvárki dró sundr né saman með þeim, of two running a dead heat: metaph. phrases, mun annarsstaðar meira slóða (acc.) draga, there will be elsewhere a greater trial left, i. e. the consequences will be still worse elsewhere, 54; saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together, of a loving pair, Bárð. 271; saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain, literally the bargain was drawn tight, Nj. 49; hann hreinsar þat skjótt þóat nokkut im (acc.) hafi á oss dregit af samneyti ( although we have been a little infected by the contact with) annarlegs siðferðis, Fms. ii. 261; allt slafr (acc.) dró af Hafri, i. e. H. became quite mute, Grett. (in a verse): in a temp. sense, til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew nigh, Fms. x. 138; þá er dró at miðri nótt, Grett. 140; þá er dregr at Jólum, Yule drew nigh, Fbr. 138; dregr at hjaldri, the battle-hour draws nigh, Fms. vi. (in a verse); dró at því (the time drew nigh), at hann var banvænn, Eg. 126: of sickness, hunger, or the like, to sink, be overcome by, svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd ok þorsta, at…, Fms. iii. 96; nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, thou art sinking fast, Fas. ii. 221; ok er lokið var kvæðinu dregr at Oddi fast, O. was sinking fast, 321: of other things, tók þá at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock was very low, Fms. iii. 208; þoku dregr upp, a fog draws on, rises, 97 (in a verse), but ok taki sú poka (nom.) fyrir at d. norðrljósit, Sks. an (better þá þoku, acc.)

C. REFLEX, to draw oneself, move; ef menn dragask til föruneytis þeirra ( join them) úbeðit, Grág. ii. 270; Sigvaldi dregsk út frá flotanum, S. draws away from the fleet, Fms. xi. 140; ofmjök dragask lendir menn fram, i. e. the barons drew far too forward, vii. 22; hyski drósk á flótta, they drew away to flight, Fms. vi. (in a verse); skeiðr drógusk at vígi, the ships drew on to battle, iii. 4 (in a verse); dragask undir = draga undir sik, to take a thing to oneself, Grág. ii. 150; dragask á hendr e-m, drógusk opt þeir menn á hendr honum er úskilamenn voru, Sturl. i. 136; dragask e-n á hendr, hann kvað þess enga ván, at hann drægisk þá á hendr, ii. 120; dragask aptr á leið, to remain behind, Rb. 108; dragask út, to recede, of the tide, 438; dragask saman, to draw back, draw together, be collected, Fms. i. 25, Bs. i. 134; e-m dragask penningar, Fms. vi. 9; d. undan, to be delayed, x. 251; the phrase, herr, lið dregsk e-m, the troops draw together, of a levy, i. 94, vii. 176, Eg. 277; dragask á legg, to grow up, Hkr. iii. 108; sem aldr hans ok vitsmunir drógusk fram, increased, Fms. vi. 7; þegar honum drósk aldr, when he grew up, Fs. 9; dragask á legg, to grow into a man; dragask við e-t, to become discouraged, Fms. viii. 65; d. vel, illa, to do well, ill, Fs. 146: to be worn out, exhausted, drósk þá liðit mjök af kulda, Sturl. iii. 20; drósk hestr hans, ii. 75: part. dreginn, drawn, pinched, starved, hestar mjök dregnir, Fms. ix. 276; görðisk fénaðr dreginn mjök, drawn, thin, iii. 208; stóð þar í heykleggi einn ok dregit at öllu megin, a tapering hayrick, Háv. 53: of sickness, Herra Andrés lagðisk sjúkr, ok er hann var dreginn mjök, Fms. ix. 276.

β. recipr., þau drógusk um einn gullhring, they fought, pulled. Fas. iii. 387. From the reflex. probably originates, by dropping the reflex. suffix, the mod. Swed. and Dan. at draga = to go, esp. of troops or a body of men; in old writers the active form hardly ever occurs in this sense (the reading drógu in the verse Fms. iii. 4 is no doubt false); and in mod. usage it is equally unknown in Icel., except maybe in allit. phrases as, e. g. út á djúpið hann Oddr dró, Snot 229 new Ed.; to Icel. ears draga in this sense sounds strange; even the reflex. form is seldom used in a dignified sense; vide the references above.

cōlum, i, n.

A vessel for straining, a strainer, colander, Cato, R. R. 11, 2; Verg. G. 2, 242; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 19, 4; 12, 38, 7; Plin. 36, 23, 52, § 173; App. M. 3, p. 130, 20; Scrib. Comp. 156 al.:

colum nivarium, for cooling wine,

Mart. 14, 103 inscr.; cf. id. 14, 104; Dig. 34, 2, 2.—

Poet., a bow-net, a net of wicker-work for catching fish, a wear, Aus. Ep. 4, 57; cf. 2. colo.

cōlum, = colon, q. v.

ēverrĭcŭlum, i, n. [everro], a sweepnet, drag-net.

Prop., for taking a large number of fishes, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7; App. Mag. p. 294; cf. Non. p. 34; and: everriculum, quod Graece sagênê dicitur, Dig. 47, 10, 13, § 7.—

Trop.: everriculum malitiarum omnium, the drag-net, i. e. the sweeperaway of all basenesses, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74: quod umquam hujuscemodi everriculum ulla in provincia fuit? i. e. a plunderer, sarcastically applied to Verres, id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, 53; cf. everro, II.

σᾰγην-εύω,

A surround and take fish with a drag-net ([etym.] σαγήνη), Lib.Or.11.258: metaph., sweep the whole population off the face of a country by forming a line and marching over it, a Persian practice,

σ. ἀνθρώπους Hdt.6.31

, Str.10.1.10, cf. D.L.3.33 ([voice] Pass.);

ὥσπερ ἐν δικτύοις σεσαγηνευμένοι Hdn.4.9.6

; σ. Σάμον sweep it clear of men, Hdt.3.149; so [

ὡς] συνάψαντες.. τὰς χεῖρας σαγηνεύσαιεν πᾶσαν τὴν Ἐρετρικὴν οἱ στρατιῶται τοῦ Δάτιδος Pl.Lg. 698d

, cf. App.Mith.67, Philostr.VA1.23.

2 generally, catch as in a net, [

σοφισταὶ] σ. τὼς νέως Lysis

ap.Iamb.VP17.76, cf. Luc.Tim.25;

σαγηνευθεὶς ὑπ' ἔρωτι AP11.52

, cf. Hld.1.9; of Ares and Aphrodite, Luc.Gall.3, DDeor.15.3.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

πέζᾰ, ης, ἡ, said to be [dialect] Dor. and Arc. for πούς, Gal.19.129, cf. Ruf. ap. Orib.25.1.56 ;

A

τῶν ἄπο πέζαν ἐκτὸς ἔχων Androm.

ap. Gal.14.37 ; but distd. from it as the instep by Poll.2.192 ;

πρὸς πέζῃ ποδός Paus. 5.11.2

, cf. AP12.176 (Strat.) ;

οἱ πόδες οἰδίσκονται καὶ αἱ πέζαι μάλιστα Hp.Mul.2.169

.

2 περίσφυροσπ., = πέδη1.2, AP6.211 (Leon.).

II metaph., bottom, end of a body, ἐπὶ ῥυμῷ πέζῃ ἔπι πρώτῃ on the pole at the far end, Il.24.272.

2 edge, border of a garment, A.R. 4.46, AP6.287 (Antip.), J.AJ3.7.4, Hld.3.3 ; of the sea, strand, bank,

Ἐλευσῖνος παρὰ πέζαν Hermesian.7.17

; of a country, coastline,

π. ἠπείροιο A.R.4.1258

, cf. D.P.61 ;

εἰς ὁδοῦ π. στενήν Luc. Trag.238

; of a mountain, D.P.535, App.Pun. 103.

III round fishing-net, Opp. H.3.83.

χράω (A), used in [dialect] Ep. only in [tense] aor. 2,

A fall upon, attack, assail, c. dat. pers.,

στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων Od.5.396

;

τίς τοι κακὸς ἔχραε δαίμων; 10.64

; so

ἠϊθέοις οὐκ ἔστι τόσος πόνος, ὁππόσος ἡμῖν.. ἔχραε AP5.296

(Agath.): cf. ἐπιχράω (B).

II c. acc. rei, inflict upon a person,

κακὸν δέ οἱ ἔχραε κοῖτον Nic.Th. 315

.

III c. inf., conceive a desire to.., τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν ἐξ ἄλλων; why did he want (or needed he) to vex my stream of all others? Il.21.369; μνηστῆρες.., οἳ τόδε δῶμα ἐχράετ' ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν ye suitors.., who have become so eager to.., Od.21.69. (For signfs. 1, 11, cf. ζαχρηής; for 111 perh. cf. χρή, κέχρημαι ( χράω (B) C), χρῇ, χρῇς.)

------------------------------------

χράω (B). A. FORMS: [var] contr.

A

χρῇ S.El.35

, [dialect] Ion.

χρᾷ Hdt.1.62

(also Luc.DMort.3.2); inf.

χρᾶν Hdt.8.135

(also Luc.Alex.19); [dialect] Ion. part.

χρέων h.Ap. 253

, fem.

χρέωσα Hdt.7.111

; [dialect] Ep.

χρείων Od.8.79

, h.Ap. 396: [tense] impf.

ἔχραον Pi.O.7.92

(v.l. ἔχρεον), A.R.2.454; [ per.] 3sg.

ἔχρη Tyrt.3.3

, Hermesian.7.89, ([etym.] ἐξ-) S.OC87: [tense] fut.

χρήσω h.Ap. 132

, Hdt.1.19, A.Ag. 1083: [tense] aor.

ἔχρησα Hdt.4.156

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐχρήσθην Id.1.49

, etc.: [tense] pf. κέχρησμαι (v.l. κέχρημαι) Id.4.164, 7.141: [tense] plpf. ἐκέχρηστο (v.l. ἐκέχρητο) Id.2.147, 151, 3.64, etc.:—[voice] Med.,

χρῶμαι Th.1.126

, etc., [dialect] Ion.

χρέομαι Hdt.

, inf.

χρέεσθαι 1.157

( χρᾶσθαι ib. 172); part.

χρεώμενος 4.151

: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐχρέωντο (v.l. ἐχρέοντο) 4.157, 5.82: [tense] fut.

χρήσομαι Od.10.492

, etc.

I in [voice] Act. of the gods and their oracles, proclaim, abs.,

χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος 8.79

:

χρείων ἐκ δάφνης γυάλων ὕπο Παρνησοῖο h.Ap. 396

: c. acc. rei, χρήσω ἀνθρώποισι Διὸς βουλήν ib. 132, cf. Thgn.807, Pi.l.c., Plot.2.9.9;

ἡ Πυθίη οἱ χρᾷ τάδε Hdt.1.55

, cf. 4.155; χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον proclaimed him the colonizer, Pi.P.4.6; also in Trag.,

ὁ χρήσας A. Eu. 798

;

χρήσειν ἔοικεν ἀμφὶ τῶν αὑτῆς κακῶν Id.Ag. 1083

;

χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθ' ὁ Φοῖβος S.El.35

;

σοὶ δ' οὐκ ἔχρησεν οὐδέν E.Hec. 1268

;

χ. φόνον Id.El. 1267

: also c. acc. cogn.,

χ. χρησμόν Id.Ph. 409

;

ὑμνῳδίαν Id. Ion 681

(lyr.): c. inf., warn or direct by oracle,

ἔχρησας ὥστε τὸν ξένον μητροκτονεῖν A.Eu. 202

; without ὥστε, ib. 203; χρήσαντ' ἐμοὶ.. ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κακῆς εἶναι that I should be.., Id.Ch. 1030; c. inf. [tense] aor., Ar. V. 159: rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,

τάδε ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἔχρησεν IG12.80.10

;

τὸν Ἀπόλλω ταύτην τὴν γῆν χρῆσαι οἰκεῖν Th.2.102

;

τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος Id.5.32

, cf. Lycurg.99;

ἔχρησεν ὁ θεός SIG1044.5

(Halic., iv/iii B. C.);

ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε IG42(1).122.78

(Epid., iv B. C.).

II [voice] Pass., to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle,

τίς οὖν ἐχρήσθη; E. Ion 792

; mostly of the oracle delivered,

τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη Hdt.1.49

;

τὰ χρηστήρια ταῦτά σφι ἐχρήσθη Id.9.94

;

ἠπίως χρησθῆναι Id.7.143

; τὸ χρησθέν, τὰ χρησθέντα, the response, Id.1.63, 7.178;

ἐν Πυθῶνι χρησθὲν παλαίφατον Pi.O.2.39

;

πεύθου τὰ χρησθέντ' S.OT 604

; χρησθὲν αὐτῷ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοῦτο παθεῖν since it was foretold him by an oracle that.. Th.3.96; ἃ τοῦδ' ἐχρήσθη σώματος which were declared about it, S.OC 355;

τὸν κεχρησμένον θάνατον Hdt.4.164

(- χρημ- codd.);

τοῦ κακοῦ τοῦ κεχρησμένου Id.7.141

(v.l. -χρημ-): impers., c. inf., καί σφι ἐχρήσθη ἀνέμοισι εὔχεσθαι ib. 178: c. acc. et inf.,

ἐκέχρηστό σφι.. τοῦτον βασιλεύσειν Id.2.147

; c. inf. [tense] aor., Id.7.220.

III [voice] Med., of the person to whom the response is given, consult a god or oracle, c. dat.,

ψυχῇ χρησόμενος Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο Od.10.492

, 565; χ. θεῷ, χρηστηρίοισι, μαντηΐῳ, Hdt.1.47, 53, 157;

τῷ θεῷ Aeschin.3.124

;

χ. μάντεσι Μούσαις Ar.Av. 724

(anap.), cf. Pl. Lg. 686a;

ὅσοι μαντικὴν νομίζοντες οἰωνοῖς χρῶνται X.Mem.1.1.3

; χ. χρηστηρίῳ εἰ .. inquire at the oracle whether.., Hdt.3.57: abs.,

ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδὸν χρησόμενος Od.8.81

, cf. h.Ap. 252, 292;

ἀπέστειλε ἄλλους χρησομένους Hdt.1.46

; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, E.Ph. 957;

χρωμένῳ ἐν Δελφοῖς Th.1.126

; also

χ. περὶ τοῦ πολέμου Hdt.7.220

, cf. 1.85, 4.150, 155, etc.;

κεχρημένος

having inquired of an oracle,

Arist.Rh. 1398b33

: c. inf., σωφρονεῖν κεχρημένον being divinely warned to be temperate, A.Pers. 829, cf. Marcellin.Vit. Thuc.6: later simply, receive a divine revelation, Plot.5.3.14.—Hom. has the word in this sense only in Od.: the [voice] Act. only in [tense] pres. part. χρείων ([tense] fut.

χρήσω h.Ap. 132

): the [voice] Med. only in part. [tense] fut. χρησόμενος.

B furnish with a thing, in which sense the [tense] pres. was [full] κίχρημι, D.53.12, Plu.Pomp.29; Cret. [ per.] 3sg.

κίγχρητι Inscr.Cret.1 xxiii 3

(Phaestus, ii B. C.); Delph. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. subj.

κιχρῇ Schwyzer 324.17

(iv B. C.): [tense] aor. χρέη ib.13; [tense] pres. part. κιχρέντε ib.adn. (rarely [full] χρηννύναι, [full] χρηννύω, Thphr.Char.5.10, 10.13: [voice] Med.,

χρηννυόμεθα PCair.Zen. 304.4

(iii B. C.)): [tense] fut.

χρήσω Hdt.3.58

: [tense] aor. ἔχρησα ibid., 6.89, Ar. Th. 219, X.Mem.3.11.18, Lys.19.24, IG12.108.16, etc. ([ per.] 3sg. written

ἔκχρησεν IG12(3).1350.4

([place name] Thera)); imper.

χρῆσον Ar.Ra. 1159

, Pl. Com.205: [tense] pf.

κέχρηκα Men.461

, 598, Plb.29.21.6 ( = D.S.31.10): [tense] plpf.

ἐκεχρήκει App.BC2.29

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. κέχρημαι ([etym.] δια-) D.27.11:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres.

κίχρᾰμαι Plu.2.534b

; inf.

κίχρασθαι Thphr.Char.30.20

: [tense] impf.

ἐκιχράμην AP9.584.10

: [tense] aor. ἐχρησάμην, imper.

χρῆσαι E.El. 191

(lyr.), etc.:— furnish the use of a thing, i.e. lend, usu. in a friendly way, δανείζω being the word applied to usurers (but χ. = δανείζω in Antipho Soph.54), ll. cc.;

οὐ δεδωκώς, ἀλλὰ χρήσας Arist.EN 1162b33

, cf. LXX Ex.11.3;

ἡ πειρατικὴ δύναμις χρήσασα ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ὑπηρεσίαις ἑαυτήν Plu.Pomp.24

;

χ. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σχολήν τισι Id.Phil. 13

; χ. τὰν χέρα, in the formula of manumission, IG9(1).189, 194 ([place name] Tithora):—[voice] Med., borrow, τι E.El. 191 (lyr.), Thphr.Char.30.20: abs.,

χρησαμένη γὰρ ἔνησα καὶ οὐκ ἔχω ἀνταποδοῦναι Batr.186

; πόδας χρήσας, ὄμματα χρησάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, AP9.13 (Pl.Jun.), cf. Pl.Demod. 384b, 384c.

II = χρηματίζω 111,

τοῦ χρέοντος γραμματέως CIG2562.18

(s. v. l., Hierapytna).

------------------------------------

χράομαι. (See also χράω)

C [voice] Med. [full] χράομαι, [dialect] Att. [full] χρῶμαι, χρῇ prob. in Pl.Hp.Mi. 369a,

χρῆται Ar.V. 1028

(anap.), etc. (also Trag., A.Ag. 953), χρώμεθα, χρῆσθε, χρῶνται, And.4.6, Pl.La. 194c, Th.1.70, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] χρέομαι Sophr.126; [dialect] Ion.

χρᾶται Hdt.1.132

, al. (so in later Prose, Iamb. in Nic.p.28 P.); χρέεται v.l. in Hdt.4.50;

χρέονται Hp.

Aër.1;

χρέωνται Hdt.1.34

, 4.108, al.;

χρείωνται Heraclit.104

; opt.

χρῴμην, χρῷο Pl. Cri. 45b

,

χρῷτο Gorg.Fr.20

, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

χρέοιτο Hp.Acut.56

; imper.

χρῶ Democr.270

, Ar.Th. 212, Isoc.1.34, [dialect] Ion.

χρέο Hp.Steril.230

, Hdt. 1.155 (v.l. χρέω, as in Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 62); [ per.] 3sg. [dialect] Dor.

χρηείσθω SIG 1009.7

(Chalcedon, iii/ii B. C.); [ per.] 2pl.

χρῆσθε And.1.11

; [ per.] 3pl.

χρήσθων Ar.Nu. 439

(s. v.l.; v. infr.111.4b), Th.5.18;

χρώσθων IG12.122.5

; [dialect] Dor.

χρόνσθω Mnemos.57.208

(Argos, vi B. C.); inf. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion.

χρῆσθαι IG12.57.19

, Ar.Av. 1040, Lys.25.20, SIG57.5 (Milet., v B. C.), IG12(5).593 A12 (Ceos, v B. C.); [dialect] Ion. and Hellenistic

χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 2.15

, 3.20, al., IG12(5).606.9 (Ceos, iv/iii B. C.), SIG344.50 (Teos, iv B. C.), 1106.80 (Cos, iv/iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.299.10 (iii B. C.), OGI214.19 (Didyma, iii B. C.), IG22.1325.24 (both forms in Phld.Rh.1.66S. and Ph.Bel.,

χρῆσθαι 57.35

, al.,

χρᾶσθαι 53.49

, al.), [dialect] Ion. χρέεσθαι as v.l. for χρῆσθαι Hdt.1.21, 187, al. ( χρῆσθαι ib. 153 codd.), so in Arc., IG5 (2).514.14 (Lycosura, ii B. C.), Elean

χρηῆσται Inscr.Olymp.1.3

(vii/vi B. C.), [dialect] Boeot.

χρειεῖσθη IG7.3169

(Orchom., iii B. C.); [dialect] Locr. and [dialect] Lacon.

χρῆσται IG9(1).334.19

, 23 (Oeanthea, v B. C.), 5(1).1317.8 (Thalamae, iv/iii B. C.); part. [dialect] Att.

χρώμενος A.Eu. 655

, IG12.81.6, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

χρεώμενος Il.23.834

(as a dactyl), Hdt.2.108, Hp.Acut.18, [dialect] Dor.

χρείμενος SIG395.4

, 438.11 (both Delph., iii B. C.), Berl.Sitzb.1927.156 ([place name] Cyrene),

χρήμενος Riv.Fil.58.472

(Gortyn, iii B. C.),

χρεύμενος SIG1166.3

([place name] Dodona): [tense] impf. [dialect] Att.

ἐχρώμην Antipho 5.63

,

ἐχρῶ Ar.Ra. 111

, And.1.49,

ἐχρῆτο Th.1.130

, etc.; pl.,

ἐχρώμεθα Lys.Fr.29

,

ἐχρῶντο Antipho 6.28

, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

ἐχρᾶτο Hdt.2.173

(v.l. -ῆτο), 3.3, 129, al. (also found in Anaxipp.1.9 codd.Ath.),

ἐχρέωντο Hdt.2.108

, al.: but

ἐχρῆτο 3.41

codd., Herod.6.55, ([etym.] προς-) Hp.Epid.3.17.ά: [tense] fut.

χρήσομαι S.Ph. 1133

(lyr.), etc.; also

κεχρήσομαι Theoc.16.73

: [tense] aor.

ἐχρησάμην S.OT 117

, Th.5.7, al.: [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (v. infr. 1): [tense] aor. ἐχρήσθην in pass. sense (v. infr. vii):—in [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (with [tense] pres. sense) c. gen., desire, yearn after, the usual sense in [dialect] Ep., οὔτ' εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος (sc. αὐτῆς)

οὔτε τευ ἄλλου Il.19.262

;

νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός Od.1.13

;

κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες 14.124

, cf. 17.421, 20.378, 22.50;

μαντοσυνεων κεχρημένοι Emp.112.10

.

2 to be in want of, lack,

τοῦ κεχρημένοι; S.Ph. 1264

, cf. E.IA 382 (troch.); [

βορᾶς] κεχρημένοι Id.Cyc.98

;

οὐ πόνων κεχρήμεθα Id.Med. 334

;

τίνος κέχρησθε, γυναῖκες; Theoc.26.18

: [tense] fut.,

ὃς ἐμεῦ κεχρήσετ' ἀοιδοῦ Id.16.73

; χρήσομεθα εἰς τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὁδοῦ.. καὶ ὕδατος we shall need.., SIG1182.12 (Ephes., iii B. C.): freq. abs. in part. κεχρημένος, lacking, needy, Od.14.155, 17.347, Hes.Op. 317, 500, E.Supp. 327, Pl.Lg. 717c: but κεχρηόσι δαίτης is f.l. for κεχαρηόσι in Nic.Fr.70.18.

3 [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. κέχρημαι, κεχρήμην, in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. sense, c. dat., enjoy, have, φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητ' ἀγαθῇσι ([etym.] ν) Od.3.266, 14.421, 16.398; αὕτη (sc. ἡ χώρη)

ὕδασι κάλλιστα κέχρηται Hp.

Aër.12; ἡ καταδεεστέροις τούτοις (sc. τοῖς εἴδεσι)

κεχρημένη τραγῳδία Arist.Po. 1450a32

, cf. a13, b33; ἄλλαις, μικραῖς διαφοραῖς, Id.Metaph. 1042b31, Phgn. 809a8; ὑγροτέραις σαρξί ib. b11; θριξὶ ξανθαῖς ib.25;

καθαρωτάτῳ.. αἵματι Id.Resp. 477a21

; τῶν.. πλαγίαις ταῖς ῥάβδοις κεχρημένων (sc. ἰχθύων) Id.Fr. 295;

εὐγενείᾳ κεχρημένος IG42(1).83.10

(Epid., i A. D.);

σφαιρικῷ ὄγκῳ PLit.Lond.167.25

(ii/iii A. D.), cf. κεχρημένως ([place name] Addenda); so in [tense] pres.,

χρῶνται δειλαῖς φρεσὶ, δαίμονι δ' ἐσθλῷ Thgn.161

; μέρη

τραγῳδίας, οἷς ὡς εἴδεσι δεῖ χρῆσθαι, πρότερον εἴπομεν Arist.Po. 1452b14

, cf. 1458b14.

II use, [tense] pres. once in Hom., abs.,

ἑξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς χρεώμενος Il.23.834

: later mostly c. dat. (for acc. v. infr. VI),

ἀκμαζούσῃ τῇ ῥώμῃ τῶν χειρῶν χρώμενος Antipho 4.3.3

;

ἐσθῆτι τοιῇδε χρέωνται Hdt.1.195

, cf. 202, Ar.Ra. 1061 (anap.);

διφασίοισι γράμμασι χ. Hdt.2.36

; τοῖσιοὐνόμασι τῶν θεῶν ib.52; πλατυτέροισι ἐχρέωντο τοῖσι πόμασι, ἐκ φρεάτων χρεώμενοι ib. 108; τοῖσι ἐποποιοῖσι χρεώμενον λέγειν ib. 120; ὅστις ἐμπύρῳ χρῆται τέχνῃ consults burnt offerings, E.Ph. 954; χ. ἀργυρίῳ make use of money, Pl.R. 333b;

ἀργύρῳ Ar.Ec. 822

; χ. ἵπποις manage them, X.Smp.2.10; χ. ἰχθύσι use for food, Plu.2.668f; οἴνῳ χ. ἐπὶ πλέον ib.715d; χ. ναυτιλίῃσι, θαλάσσῃ, Hdt.2.43, Th.1.3;

ὠνῇ καὶ πρήσι Hdt.1.153

;

δρασμῷ Aeschin.3.21

;

τέχναις X.Mem.3.10.1

, Oec.4.4;

τῇ τέχνῃ POxy.1029.25

(ii A. D.); χρώμενοι τῇ πόλει taking a part in politics, E. Ion 602;

ἐκκλησίαισιν ἦν ὅτ' οὐκ ἐχρώμεθα Ar.Ec. 183

; ἄλλον τρόπον τῇ πολιτείᾳ κέχρημαι, = πεπολίτευμαι, Hyp.Eux.28;

φωνὴν δυναμένην ὄχλῳ χρῆσθαι Isoc.5.81

; τῇ τραπέζῃ τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐχρῆτο he had dealings with my father's bank, D.52.3; χ. τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ τοῖς καιροῖς administer them, Isoc.6.50.